Synopsis: How to understand what the research is really telling us about pain. 2018 Keynote Neil O'Connell, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy in Brunel University, London, UK. He divides his time between research and teaching and previously worked extensively as a muscoloskeletal physiotherapist. He leads a module in the principles and practice of evidence based healthcare for post-graduate physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Neil's main research interests are chronic low back pain with a focus of evidence based practice and he has published extensively in this area. He has authored and co-authored a number of published systematic reviews. Neil is a member of the editorial board of the Cochrane Collaboration's Pain, Palliative, and Supportive Care (PaPaS) group, is the section editor for clinical trials and systematic reviews for the pain science blog Body in Mind (www.bodyinmind.org) and was a member of the Guideline Development Group for the UK's National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recent guideline for the management of low back pain and sciatica.