Lecture On Renal Tumors (Kidney Cancer) Explained: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | MBBS
Understanding Kidney Function: A review of kidney anatomy, their vital role in filtration, excretion, and hormonal homeostasis [01:06], [01:29]. Types of Renal Tumors: Differentiating between benign tumors (e.g., oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma) [04:29] and malignant tumors, with a focus on Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) / hypernephroma [05:38]. RCC Histology: Exploring common and rare subtypes like clear cell carcinoma [07:47], chromophobe, and the aggressive sarcomatoid type [08:00]. Epidemiology & Risk Factors: Discussing prevalence, age and gender distributions, and key risk factors including hypertension, obesity, smoking [08:19], genetic syndromes (Von Hippel-Lindau) [10:22], and occupational exposures [09:13]. Clinical Presentation & Symptoms: Recognizing the "silent" nature of many kidney tumors [14:02] and the classical triad of flank pain, hematuria, and palpable mass [14:14]. Understanding paraneoplastic syndromes like hypercalcemia, polycythemia, and Stauffer syndrome [15:36], [17:14]. Diagnostic Workup: Blood & Urine Tests: Including CBC, creatinine, ESR, LFTs, serum calcium, and urine analysis for hematuria [18:10], [19:15]. Imaging Techniques: The roles of Ultrasound (USD) [21:03], CT Scan (for diagnosis and staging) [21:23], MRI (for soft tissue and vascular invasion) [22:27], and metastatic workup (CT chest, bone scan) [23:35]. Renal Biopsy: When and why it's indicated [25:04]. Staging of Kidney Cancer: Detailed explanation of the TNM classification system, including the significance of Gerota's fascia [28:34], [29:16]. Prognostic Factors: Key elements influencing patient outcomes, such as stage, tumor size, histology, and metastasis [30:15]. Comprehensive Treatment Strategies: Localized Disease: The roles of radical nephrectomy [32:47] vs. nephron-sparing (partial) nephrectomy [31:55], and ablative therapies like RFA and cryoablation [37:29]. Metastatic Disease: Cytoreductive nephrectomy [38:51], the limited roles of radiotherapy [40:40] and chemotherapy [40:53]. Systemic Therapies: In-depth look at targeted molecular therapies (VEGF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors) [41:01] and immunotherapy (Interleukin-2, Interferon-alpha, newer monoclonal antibodies) [41:45]. Multimodal Approach & Surveillance: The importance of combining treatment modalities [44:13] and long-term follow-up to detect recurrence [45:04]. SANTINIKETAN MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL Real Classroom Demonstration/Lecture On: SURGERY byDr. Anand Biyani (MBBS Batch: 2021-22) Conducted on: 31-05-25
