Vitamin E (Tocopherol) : Sources, Daily requirements, Functions, Deficiency | Usmle Biochemistry

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Sources, Daily requirements, Functions, Deficiency Symptoms, and Toxicity Characteristics ------------------------ Synonyms: tocopherol, tocotrienols Active form: tocopherol Sources: meat, eggs, vegetable oils, leafy vegetables[7] Transport: alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) Storage: adipose tissue, parenchymal cells of the liver Functions ---------------- Antioxidant Protection from free radicals, especially erythrocytes and cell membranes Interrupts free radical chains and oxidizes itself as a result Other functions ------------------------- Inhibition of platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, and monocyte adhesion Enzyme inhibition (e.g., protein kinase C, phospholipase A2) Inhibition of gene transcription (e.g., for α-TTP, tropomyosin alpha-1 chain) Vitamin E deficiency --------------------------------- Deficiency is very rare Causes Fat malabsorption disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis) Defects in genes that code for α-TTP Clinical features --------------------------- Neurologic dysfunction Demyelination of the posterior column and spinocerebellar tract → ↓ proprioception and vibration sensation; ataxia → symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency Differentiation from vitamin B12 deficiency: lack of hypersegmented neutrophils, megaloblastic anemia, and increased methylmalonic acid levels Hemolytic anemia: deficiency results in increased fragility of erythrocytes and membrane breakdown Acanthocytosis Muscle weakness Vitamin E toxicity ----------------------------- Toxicity is very rare Causes: over-supplementation Clinical features In infants: increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Alteration of warfarin metabolism → increased anticoagulation → increased risk of bleeding Increased incidence of heart failure, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and increased mortality Therapeutic uses Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: consider vitamin E for antioxidant effect #vitaminE #VitaminEfunctions #Vitaminedeficiency #vitaminEsources #VitaminEBiochemistry #vitaminEusmle #VitaminEbiology #vitaminEmetabolism #vitamineuses #vitaminEbenefits #vitaminEfunctions