藝苑掇英 Vincent van Gogh 文森特·梵高 (1853-1890) Post-Impressionism Dutch

[email protected] Van Gogh is now one of the most well-known post-Impressionist painters, although he was not widely appreciated in his lifetime. Vincent Van Gogh was born on 30 March 1853 in Zundert in the southern Netherlands, the son of a pastor. In 1869, he took his first job, working in the Hague branch of an international art dealing firm. He began to write to his younger brother Theo, a correspondence which continued for the rest of Van Gogh's life. Van Gogh's job took him to London and Paris, but he was not interested in the work and was dismissed in 1876. He briefly became a teacher in England, and then, deeply interested in Christianity, a preacher in a mining community in southern Belgium. In 1880, at the age of 27, he decided to become an artist. He moved around, teaching himself to draw and paint and receiving financial support from Theo. In 1886, Van Gogh joined Theo in Paris, and met many artists including Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and Gauguin, with whom he became friends. His style changed significantly under the influence of Impressionism, becoming lighter and brighter. He painted a large number of self-portraits in this period. In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Provence in southern France, where he painted his famous series 'Sunflowers'. He invited Gauguin to join him but they soon began to quarrel and one night, Van Gogh threatened Gauguin with a razor. Deeply remorseful he then cut off part of his own ear. This was the first serious sign of the mental health problems that were to afflict Van Gogh for the rest of his life. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals and swung between periods of inertia, depression and incredibly concentrated artistic activity, his work reflecting the intense colours and strong light of the countryside around him. On 27 July 1890, again suffering from depression, Van Gogh shot himself. He died two days later. 梵高現在是最著名的後印象派畫家之一，儘管他一生中並沒有得到廣泛的讚賞。 文森特梵高於1853年3月30日出生在荷蘭南部的尊德特，是牧師的兒子。 1869年，他在一家國際藝術品交易公司的海牙分公司工作，開始了他的第一份工作。他開始給他的弟弟西奧寫信，這封信繼續梵高的餘生。 梵高的工作把他帶到了倫敦和巴黎，但他對這項工作並不感興趣，於1876年被解僱。他曾短暫成為英格蘭的一名教師，然後對基督教深感興趣，他是比利時南部採礦社區的傳教士。 1880年，在27歲時，他決定成為一名藝術家。他走來走去，教自己畫畫，並從西奧獲得經濟支持。 1886年，梵高在巴黎加入西奧，並會見了許多藝術家，包括德加，圖盧茲 - 洛特雷克，皮薩羅和高更，並與他們成為了朋友。在印象派的影響下，他的風格發生了顯著變化，變得更輕盈，更明亮。在此期間，他畫了大量的自畫像。 1888年，梵高搬到法國南部的普羅旺斯，在那裡他畫了著名的“向日葵”系列。他邀請高更加入他，但他們很快就開始爭吵，一天晚上，梵高用剃刀威脅高更。他深感懊悔，然後切斷了自己的一部分耳朵。 這是梵高終生折磨精神健康問題的第一個嚴重跡象。他在精神病醫院度過了一段時間，在慣性，抑鬱和極其集中的藝術活動之間搖擺不定，他的作品反映了周圍鄉村的強烈色彩和強烈的光線。 1890年7月27日，梵高又一次患上了抑鬱症。兩天后他去世了。