Hydroxyl Compounds | Preparation and Reactivity | A level H2 Chem | Making Sense Chem
A LEVEL CHEMISTRY!! music by: Zight - Paradise - https://thmatc.co/?l=3B73F710 In today's video, we will be talking about alcohols! 0:00 Introduction 0:31 Introduction to hydroxy compounds 0:56 Difference between alcohols and phenols 1:25 Introduction to alcohols 2:35 Preparation of alcohols 5:21 Is alcohol an electrophile or a nucleophile? Introduction to hydroxy compounds: Molecules that contain hydroxyl group (-OH) Phenol / alcohol Difference between alcohols and phenols: Alcohols: -OH group DIRECTLY bonded to a saturated C atom (single bonds around the C atom) Phenols: -OH group DIRECTLY bonded to a C involved in a benzene ring Introduction to alcohols: Primary (1°) : C atom bonded to OH is directly attached to 1 R group Secondary (2°) : C atom bonded to OH is directly attached to 2 R group Tertiary (3°) : C atom bonded to OH is directly attached to 3 R group Germinal diols (2 -OH group attached to the same C atom) = unstable and eliminates water to form carbonyl compounds Preparation of alcohols: 1) From an alkene Electrophilic addition reaction Reagents: H₂O (g) Conditions: 1. cold, conc H₂SO₄, 2. followed by H₂O, warm OR conc H₃PO₄ catalyst, high temperature and high pressure 2) From halogenoalkane (electrophile) Nucleophilic substitution reaction Reagents: NaOH (aq) / KOH (aq) Conditions: heat 3) From carbonyl (C=O with C bonded to a R group) Reduction (gain of hydrogen atoms) Reagents: 1) LiAlH₄ in dry ether, 2) NaBH₄ in ethanol, 3) Ni(s) and H₂ (g) Conditions: 1) r.t.p, 2) r.t.p, 3) heat 4) From carboxylic acid Reduction Reagents: LiAlH₄ in dry ether Conditions: r.t.p Is alcohol a electrophile or a nucleophile? CAN BE BOTH! -OH contains lone pair of electrons on the O atom = e rich = nucleophile C atom bonded to OH acquires δ+ partial positive charge due to highly electronegative O atom = electrophile Looking for free chemistry resources? Vist our website at: https://www.makingsense-sg.com/free-t... to view other learning resources (content videos + free resources). Follow us on: Youtube - Making Sense Tuition Centre Tik tok - @makingsensechemistry Instagram - @makingsensechemistry Facebook - Making Sense, Singapore's Leading Chemistry Tuition The Best Chemistry tuition! #indigoeducationgroup #bestchemistrytuition #makingsensechemistry #learningisfun #videolessons #educationalvideos #easyandfunlearning #alcohols #chemicalproperties #chemicalreactions
