Organization of Human Body & Major Surface and Bony Landmarks | Anatomy

Organization of Human Body & Major Surface and Bony Landmarks | Anatomy Learn the organization of the human body and identify major surface and bony landmarks in each body region. Simple, exam-oriented anatomy notes for nursing and medical students. Organization of the Human Body The human body is structurally organized from simple to complex levels. These include the chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, and organism level. This organization helps in understanding how body systems work together to maintain life. Major Surface and Bony Landmarks by Body Region Head and Face Important bony landmarks include the frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bone, occipital bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, and mandible. Surface landmarks such as the orbit, mastoid process, and external auditory meatus are commonly used during clinical examination. Neck The neck contains the hyoid bone, cervical vertebrae, and C7 vertebra prominens. Key surface landmarks include the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and sternocleidomastoid muscle. Thorax (Chest) Major bony landmarks are the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. Surface landmarks include the sternal angle (Angle of Louis), suprasternal notch, intercostal spaces, and costal margin. Abdomen Bony landmarks include the lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, and pubic symphysis. Surface landmarks include the umbilicus, linea alba, and abdominal quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ). Pelvis Important bony landmarks are the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx. Surface landmarks include the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and ischial tuberosity. Upper Limb Key bony landmarks include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, and carpals. Surface landmarks include the acromion process, olecranon process, and styloid processes. Lower Limb Important bony landmarks are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and calcaneus. Surface landmarks include the greater trochanter, patella, tibial tuberosity, and malleoli. #Anatomy #NursingStudents #SurfaceAnatomy #BonyLandmarks #HumanBody #MedicalAnatomy #NursingEducation #ExamPreparationorganization of human body surface anatomy bony landmarks anatomy for nursing students human body regions anatomy surface landmarks anatomy nursing anatomy notes basic anatomy for nurses organization of human body surface anatomy bony landmarks anatomy for nursing students human body regions anatomy surface landmarks anatomy nursing anatomy notes basic anatomy for nurses