How are Proteins Made? Transcription & Translation

⭐️ Find revision notes, questions, flashcards and more: https://cognitoedu.link/biology_prote... ** WHAT'S COVERED ** 1. Introduction to Protein Synthesis 2. Overview of the two main stages: Transcription and Translation. 3. Messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA as a copy of a single gene. Key structural differences between mRNA and DNA (length, single strand, Uracil vs Thymine). 4. Transcription: Copying the Gene The role of RNA Polymerase. Complementary base pairing rules for mRNA synthesis. Formation of the mRNA strand. 5. Translation: Building the Protein Role of the ribosome How codons code for specific amino acids. Role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. Folding of the amino acid chain into a functional protein. ** EXAM BOARD INFO ** AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea ** CHAPTERS ** 0:00 Intro to Protein Synthesis 0:15 The Two Stages: Transcription & Translation 0:48 Why We Need mRNA 2:05 mRNA vs DNA Structure 2:49 Transcription: Making mRNA 3:12 Uncoiling DNA for Transcription 3:49 RNA Polymerase & Base Pairing Rules (A-U, C-G) 5:47 Template Strand 6:42 Translation: Overview 7:02 Codons (Triplets) & Amino Acids 7:45 Translation: Making the Protein 8:06 Role of tRNA & Anticodons 9:42 Building the Amino Acid Chain 10:48 Forming the Protein (Folding) ** PLAYLISTS **    • GCSE Maths (9-1)      • GCSE Biology (9-1)      • GCSE Chemistry (9-1)      • GCSE Physics (9-1)      • A-Level Biology   #GCSE #Biology #study #revision #school #exam #AQA #OCR #Edexcel #IGCSE #IB #AP