NetApp HCI has an out-of-band management VM ("mNode") which runs Hybrid Cloud Control services. Upgrades can be performed offline (by manually uploading payloads and deploying them to storage cluster) or online (HCC downloads updates from the Internet and administrator deploys them to storage nodes). This video shows firmware upgrades but software upgrades work the same way. Upgrades are performed in a rolling fashion. https://docs.netapp.com/us-en/hci/doc...