The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire | Lex Fridman Podcast #498

Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of "The New Roman Empire", a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldel... CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Anthony's Books: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1 Anthony's Publications: https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com Anthony's University of Chicago page: https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/... The New Roman Empire (book): https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk Streams of Gold (book): https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq Byzantium & Friends Podcast: https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/ The History of Byzantium Podcast: https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/upwork-ep498-sb Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep498-sb BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-e... LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep498-sb Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep49... Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-e... OUTLINE: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:24 - Introduction 1:51 - The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire 5:49 - 2,200 Years of Roman History 26:12 - Power, violence, and civil war 47:27 - Edict of Caracalla 1:00:23 - Crisis of the Third Century 1:14:52 - Constantine and the new Roman Empire 1:26:53 - Christianity in the Roman Empire 1:52:21 - Fall of the Western Roman Empire 2:05:17 - Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power 2:30:24 - Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest 2:47:26 - The Arab conquests 3:07:01 - Why the Roman empire survived so long 3:33:08 - Lessons from history PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist:    • Lex Fridman Podcast   Clips Channel:    / lexclips   SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram:   / lexfridman   TikTok:   / lexfridman   LinkedIn:   / lexfridman   Facebook:   / lexfridman   Patreon:   / lexfridman   Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit:   / lexfridman