Welcome to Lecture 4 – Plasma Membrane II, where we explore the advanced functions and transport mechanisms of the cell’s outer boundary. This lecture focuses on how substances move across the membrane, the structure and functioning of membrane proteins, and the dynamic processes that maintain cellular homeostasis. 🎯 Topics Covered: • Review of plasma membrane structure • Passive transport: – Simple diffusion – Facilitated diffusion – Osmosis • Active transport: – Sodium-potassium pump – Proton pumps – Carrier proteins • Vesicular transport: – Endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated) – Exocytosis • Membrane channels & transporters • Uniport, symport, antiport mechanisms • Electrochemical gradients & membrane potential • Factors affecting membrane transport • Biological significance of membrane transport in cells 💡 Why Watch: This lecture is ideal for students in cell biology, cytology, biochemistry, zoology, and anyone wanting a strong understanding of cellular transport systems and membrane functions. 🔔 Subscribe for more lectures on cell structure, membrane dynamics, and biology fundamentals! #PlasmaMembrane #MembraneTransport #CellBiology #CytologyLecture #ActiveTransport #Osmosis #Diffusion #Endocytosis #Exocytosis #Biochemistry #ScienceEducation