Which COVID-19 Vaccine Works? (COVID-19 Vaccine Update November)

This video is all about COVID-19 vaccines (COVID-19 Vaccine Update November). Many COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed. But which COVID-19 will work? 00:00-01:12 Introduction 01:12-03:05 How COVID-19 Vaccines Are Approved 03:05-06:00 Viral Vectored Vaccines 06:00-7:00 Inactivated Vaccines 7:00-9:47 Protein Subunit & mRNA Vaccines 9:47-12:20 Addressing Important Questions 🔬 Subscribe for more awesome biomedical research: https://bit.ly/2SRMqhC 🔬Me being funny on other media: Twitter:   / csteinek   Discord:   / discord   In order for a COVID-19 vaccine to be approved it has to be tested successfully in pre-clinical and clinical trials. First, possible COVID-19 vaccines are developed during pre-clinical trials and then tested on humans during phase 1-4 clinical trials. If a COVID-19 vaccine turns out to be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, it might get approved. Currently, 5 COVID-19 vaccines are testes in phase 3 clinical trials (COVID-19 Vaccine Update October 2020). All COVID-19 vaccines need to provoke immune responses leading to immunological memory. There are different categories of COVID-19 vaccines: Viral vectored vaccines (where Adenoviruses produce SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins). Here we find the Oxford Vaccine (University of Oxford + AstraZeneca), a vaccine by CanSinoBIO and Sputnik V. Inactivated Vaccines (where SARS-CoV-2 is destroyed and then injected). CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) falls into that category. Protein Subunit Vaccins (where SARS-CoV-2 proteins are injected).Here we find NVX-CoV2373 by Novavax. mRNA Vaccines (where mRNAs are injected). Both mRNA 1273 by Moderna and NIAID and Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine fall into this category. For your further Reading: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ma... van Doremalen, Neeltje, et al. "ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques." bioRxiv (2020). Jackson, Lisa A., et al. "An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2—preliminary report." New England Journal of Medicine (2020). Gao, Qiang, et al. "Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2." Science (2020). Pardi, Norbert, et al. "mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology." Nature reviews Drug discovery 17.4 (2018): 261. Keech, Cheryl, et al. "Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine." New England Journal of Medicine (2020). Images: Some pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: https://smart.servier.com/ Additionally: "Life Size Lego Syringe - Water - Trans Blue" by seanmichaelragan, CC BY 2.0 "Measles" by Wellcome Library, London, CC BY 4.0 "3-D Adenovirus" by Thomas Splettstoesser (www.scistyle.com), CC A-SA 4.0 "Smallpox" by Wellcome Images (www.wellcome.org), CC A 4.0 "Malaria Parasite" by NIAID (www.NIAID.nih.gov) CC A 2.0 Music: Intro: Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-... Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Body: Title: Buddha by Kontekst Genre and Mood: Hip Hop & Rap + Bright Artist: http://incompetech.com/ About Clemens Steinek: CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.