4. Seizures & Epilepsy: Causes, Classification & Approach | USMLE Step 2 CK | Internal Medicine

📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:-https://t.me/conceptualmedicine009 📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/conceptual_... Seizures & Epilepsy: Causes, Classification & Approach | USMLE Step 2 CK | Internal Medicine This high-yield video provides a complete clinical review of Seizures and Epilepsy, focused on what every USMLE Step 2 CK candidate must know. From understanding the underlying causes, recognizing seizure types, to confidently approaching a new-onset seizure in clinical practice, this lecture simplifies neurology for internal medicine rotations and board prep. Seizures are one of the most common neurological emergencies, and this session equips you to identify, classify, and manage them efficiently. 🧠⚡ We begin by differentiating between: – Seizures: Sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain – Epilepsy: Recurrent unprovoked seizures ( greater than or equal to 2 episodes in 24 hours apart) The video reviews the common causes of seizures including: – Structural (stroke, trauma, tumors, congenital malformations) – Metabolic (hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, uremia, hypoxia) – Infectious (meningitis, encephalitis, neurocysticercosis) – Drug-related (alcohol withdrawal, stimulants, isoniazid toxicity) – Genetic epilepsies and idiopathic cases Then we move into the classification of seizures based on the ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) system: 1. Focal (Partial) Seizures – With retained awareness (simple partial) – With impaired awareness (complex partial) May include aura, automatisms, localized twitching 2. Generalized Seizures – Tonic-clonic (grand mal) – Absence (petit mal) – Myoclonic, Atonic, Tonic, Clonic variants We also discuss provoked vs unprovoked seizures, status epilepticus, and the importance of post-ictal confusion, which helps differentiate generalized tonic-clonic seizures from psychogenic nonepileptic events (PNES). The clinical approach includes: – History: Aura, triggers, post-ictal state, family history – Physical exam + neuro exam – Initial workup: CBC, electrolytes, glucose, calcium, toxicology, and neuroimaging (CT/MRI) – EEG to classify seizure type and confirm diagnosis – When to start antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and when to refer to neurology By the end of this lecture, you’ll be able to confidently evaluate and manage patients with seizures, determine when to investigate further, and when to treat — all aligned with what’s expected on USMLE Step 2 CK and clinical rotations. #Seizures #Epilepsy #USMLEStep2CK #StatusEpilepticus #TonicClonic #AbsenceSeizures #EpilepsyClassification #NeurologyReview #InternalMedicineCore #EEG #AEDs #Step2Prep #DrGBhanuPrakash #MedicalEducationUSA #NBMEReview #USMLEBuzzwords #ClinicalNeurology #FocalSeizures #GeneralizedSeizures #NewOnsetSeizure #EpilepsyApproach #NeurologicEmergencies #SeizureWorkup #USMLE2025 #ConceptualMedicine #MedicalConcepts #NEETPGPrep #FMGE2025 #USMLE2025 #ClinicalMedicine #MBBSConcepts #NextExamPrep #MedSchoolMadeEasy #MedStudentLife #HighYieldMedicine #PathophysiologySimplified #LearnMedicineFast #VisualMedicine #MedicalMnemonics #CrackNEETPG #USMLEStep1Prep #MedEducationRevolution #MBBSShorts #DoctorInTheMaking