"Congenital Heart Disease: Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment | MBBS Lecture" part1
In this lecture, we cover Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in detail, including its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. This video is perfect for MBBS students, medical professionals, and NEET PG aspirants who want a clear and structured understanding of congenital heart defects. Topics Covered: ✔️ What is Congenital Heart Disease? ✔️ Types of CHD: Acyanotic & Cyanotic ✔️ Common Defects: ASD, VSD, TOF, PDA, TGA ✔️ Pathophysiology & Clinical Features ✔️ Diagnosis: ECG, Echocardiography, X-ray ✔️ Management & Treatment Approaches This lecture is designed in a simple and structured manner to help medical students and professionals grasp the key concepts easily. 🔔 Subscribe for more medical lectures! 📌 Follow us for updates on MBBS subjects, clinical cases, and more. Tags: #CongenitalHeartDisease #MBBS #MedicalLecture #Cardiology #HeartDefects #MedicalStudents #ASD #VSD #TetralogyOfFallot #ECG #Echocardiography #USMLE #NEETPG #MedicalEducation #Pediatrics #HeartHealth notes: Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) – A Complete Guide What is a Congenital Heart Defect (CHD)? • Congenital ka matlab hota hai "by birth", yani ki jo problem bachpan se hi hoti hai. • Heart Defect matlab dil ka koi abnormal structure ya function jo normal se alag ho. • Toh Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) ka matlab hota hai "by birth heart ka koi structural ya functional abnormality". Causes of Congenital Heart Defects • Genetic Factors • Agar parents me ya family history me heart defects hain, toh baby me bhi CHD hone ka risk badh jata hai. • Syndromes like Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), Turner Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome me CHD hone ka chance hota hai. • Environmental Factors • Mother ke pregnancy ke dauraan kuch cheezein CHD ka risk badhati hain: • Infections like Rubella (German measles) – Yeh first trimester me aaye toh baby ke heart development me problem ho sakti hai. • Diabetes in mother – Agar blood sugar control nahi hai toh heart development pe effect padta hai. • Certain Medications – Jaise anti-seizure drugs, acne medicine (Isotretinoin) jo heart formation pe impact daal sakti hain. • Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use – Yeh sab fetal development pe negative effect dalte hain. Types of Congenital Heart Defects CHDs ko mainly Cyanotic (blue baby wale defects) aur Acyanotic (pink baby wale defects) me divide kiya jata hai. Acyanotic Heart Defects (Pink Baby Defects) Yeh defects me oxygenated blood body me jaata hai, lekin abnormal pathway hone ki wajah se heart pe extra pressure padta hai. •1. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) • Definition: Heart ke left atrium aur right atrium ke beech ek hole hota hai. • Problem: Oxygen-rich blood (left side) right atrium me mix hota hai, jisse lungs pe extra workload badh jata hai. • Symptoms: Zyada cases me symptoms nahi hote, lekin large ASD me fatigue, breathlessness, frequent lung infections ho sakti hain. • Diagnosis: Echocardiography, ECG • Treatment: Small ASD khud band ho sakta hai, large ASD ke liye surgery ya device closure hota hai. • 2. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) • Definition: Left aur right ventricle ke beech ek hole hota hai. • Problem: Left ventricle ka high-pressure blood right ventricle me chala jata hai, jo lungs pe extra pressure daalta hai. • Symptoms: Breathlessness, poor weight gain, sweating during feeding • Diagnosis: Echocardiogram, ECG, X-ray • Treatment: Small VSD khud band ho sakta hai, large VSD surgery ya device closure se band kiya jata hai. •3. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) • Definition: Fetal life me ek ductus arteriosus naam ka vessel hota hai jo aorta aur pulmonary artery ko connect karta hai. Yeh birth ke baad band ho jata hai, lekin agar nahi band hota toh PDA develop hota hai. • Problem: Blood aorta se pulmonary artery me leak hota hai, jo lungs pe pressure badhata hai. • Symptoms: Continuous murmur sound in heart, fast breathing, poor weight gain • Treatment: Indomethacin (medicine) ya surgery/device closure
