(8 min summary) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, commonly known as Alice in Wonderland, is a beloved 1865 children's novel written by Lewis Carroll, the pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, an Oxford mathematics lecturer and Anglican deacon. The story originated on July 4, 1862, during a boating trip on the River Isis when Dodgson entertained the three young daughters of his friend Henry Liddell — Lorina, Alice, and Edith — by improvising a fantastical tale about a girl named Alice who tumbles down a rabbit hole into a nonsensical world of anthropomorphic creatures, absurd logic, and wordplay. Inspired particularly by ten-year-old Alice Pleasance Liddell, Dodgson later expanded the oral story into a manuscript titled Alice's Adventures Under Ground, which he refined and published in 1865 as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland with iconic illustrations by John Tenniel. Initially met with mixed reviews, the book quickly gained enduring popularity for its whimsical satire of Victorian society, playful exploration of identity and growing up, and groundbreaking use of nonsense literature, eventually becoming one of the most influential and widely translated works in English children's literature, spawning a sequel (Through the Looking-Glass in 1871) and countless adaptations across media.