Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms or spatial orientation, giving them different properties. It is broadly classified into structural isomerism (different bonding pattern) and stereoisomerism (same connectivity but different 3D arrangement). Key types include chain, position, functional, geometrical (cis–trans/E–Z), and optical isomerism. Understanding isomerism is essential for predicting reactivity, stability, and product formation in organic chemistry #chemistry #iupac #class11chemistry #neet #jee #science #boardexams