52. 🩺 ONCOLOGY – CLINICAL VIGNETTES (Prostate, Breast, Ovarian Cancers)

📌 Key Takeaways for Male & Female Cancers ✔️ Prostate cancer risk → Age, family history, African American race ✔️ BRCA1 & BRCA2 mutations → ⬆ Risk for breast & ovarian cancer ✔️ CA-125 → Marker for ovarian cancer (useful for monitoring, not screening) ✔️ Prostate cancer metastasizes via vertebral venous plexus → osteoblastic bone lesions ✔️ HER2+ Breast Cancer → Trastuzumab (HER2-targeted therapy) ✔️ Yolk sac tumor → Elevated AFP, common in younger women ✔️ ER/PR-positive breast cancer → Tamoxifen or Aromatase inhibitors ✔️ OCPs & Pregnancy → Protective against ovarian cancer ✔️ High Gleason score (≥8) → Aggressive prostate cancer ✔️ Paget’s disease of the nipple → Associated with invasive ductal carcinoma