Structure of DNA in हिन्दी | BSc & MSc Zoology

This lecture is specially made for B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology students to understand one of the most important topics in genetics – DNA. 0:00 – Introduction Overview of the topic and importance of DNA in B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology exams. 0:12 – History of DNA Discovery 1869: Friedrich Miescher – nuclein 1889: Richard Altman – nucleic acid 1900: Phoebus Levene – nucleotide components 1928: Griffith’s experiment (S and R strains of pneumonia bacteria) 1944: Avery, MacLeod & McCarty – transforming principle is DNA 1952: Hershey and Chase – blender experiment 1950: Erwin Chargaff – base pairing rules 1953: Watson & Crick with Rosalind Franklin – double helix model 3:29 – What is DNA? DNA as genetic material in all living organisms Found in nucleus of eukaryotes and organized into chromosomes Nucleosome structure: DNA wrapped around histones 5:03 – Composition of DNA Full form: Deoxyribonucleic acid Nucleotides as building blocks (sugar, phosphate, base) Nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine 7:26 – Types and Locations of DNA Nuclear DNA (eukaryotes) DNA in prokaryotes (cytoplasmic region) Viral DNA (single or double-stranded, inside capsid) Mitochondrial DNA 7:56 – Structure of DNA (Double Helix) Double-stranded, twisted ladder model Antiparallel strands (5′→3′ and 3′→5′) Sugar-phosphate backbone outside, base pairs inside Base pairing: A=T (2 H bonds), G≡C (3 H bonds) Purines (A, G) vs Pyrimidines (T, C) Chargaff’s rule 10:14 – DNA Dimensions and Bonds 10 base pairs per turn Distance between base pairs = 0.34 nm Width of helix = 2 nm Major groove (1.2 nm) and minor groove (0.6 nm) Phosphodiester bonds and polarity (5′ to 3′) Stability by hydrogen bonds and base stacking 12:00 – DNA as Genetic Code Sequence of bases carries genetic information Mutations: change in base sequence alters information 12:46 – Conclusion & Next Topic Preview Summary of DNA structure and history Next video: Functions and types of DNA What you’ll learn in this video: History of DNA discovery: from Friedrich Miescher to Watson & Crick and Rosalind Franklin Structure of DNA: double helix, sugar-phosphate backbone, base pairs (A–T, G–C), major and minor grooves Composition of DNA: nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base) Key facts: Chargaff’s rule, DNA polarity, hydrogen bonds, mutations DNA in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, viruses, and mitochondria This video is clear, exam-oriented, and simple – perfect for B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology semester exams, practicals, and quick revision. DNA history and structure explained for BSc and MSc Zoology students, DNA history discovery timeline explained for university exams, DNA structure explained in simple language for BSc Zoology semester exam, history of DNA discovery from Friedrich Miescher to Watson and Crick explained for MSc Zoology, Griffith experiment explained for BSc Zoology exams, Avery MacLeod McCarty experiment explained for MSc Zoology notes, Hershey and Chase blender experiment explained in detail for Zoology students, Erwin Chargaff base pairing rules explained for BSc Zoology, Watson and Crick double helix model explained for MSc Zoology students, Rosalind Franklin X ray diffraction contribution explained for BSc Zoology exams, composition of DNA nucleotides sugar phosphate base explained in simple language, DNA structure double helix sugar phosphate backbone and base pairs explained for Zoology notes, DNA major and minor groove dimensions explained for MSc Zoology exams, nucleosome structure and DNA packing with histone proteins explained for BSc Zoology, DNA in eukaryotes prokaryotes viruses and mitochondria explained for MSc Zoology students, mutation and genetic code in DNA explained in simple terms for BSc Zoology, DNA polarity 5 prime to 3 prime direction explained for MSc Zoology notes, phosphodiester bond and sugar phosphate linkage explained for Zoology students, difference between purines and pyrimidines in DNA explained for BSc and MSc Zoology, Chargaff’s rule A=T and G≡C explained for exam preparation, DNA exam oriented notes for BSc Zoology 1st semester, DNA notes for MSc Zoology students with diagrams, Zoology With Chinu DNA lecture for BSc and MSc students, DNA important questions and answers for Zoology exams, DNA structure and history explained step by step for BSc Zoology, DNA explained for MSc Zoology in detail with examples