Russian Space tortoises | First Animals to circle the Moon | Zond 5

Russian Space tortoises | First Animals to circle the Moon | Zond 5 Zond 5 - was a spacecraft of the Soviet Zond program. In September 1968 it became the second spaceship to travel to and circle the Moon, the first Moon mission to include animals, and the first to return safely to Earth. Zond 5 carried the first terrestrial organisms to the vicinity of the Moon, including two tortoises, fruit fly eggs, and plants. The tortoises underwent biological changes during the flight, but it was concluded that the changes were primarily due to starvation and that they were little affected by space travel. The Zond spacecraft was a version of the Soyuz 7K-L1 crewed lunar-flyby spacecraft. It was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Block D upper-stage to conduct scientific studies during its lunar flyby. On 18 September, the spacecraft flew around the Moon, although it did not orbit it. The closest distance was 1,950 kilometres. Two Russian tortoises were included in the biological payload, weighing 0.34–0.4 kilograms each pre-flight. Especially remarkable is that in circling the moon they entered deep space, the first animals to do so, (if we discount the flies and worms). Zond 5 was also the first spacecraft to accomplish a flyby of the moon and return to Earth. It was the prelude to sending a manned mission. Soviet scientists chose tortoises since they were easy to tightly secure. There were also two tortoises used as control specimens and four more in a vivarium. Twelve days before launch, the two space-bound tortoises were secured in the vehicle and deprived of food and water; the control tortoises were similarly deprived. The food deprivation was a part of pathomorphological and histochemical experiments. The biological payload also included fruit fly eggs, cells of wheat, barley, pea, pine, carrots and tomatoes, specimens of the wildflower species Tradescantia paludosa, three strains of the single-celled green algae Chlorella, and one strain of lysogenic bacteria.The purpose of sending a variety of terrestrial lifeforms was to test the effect of cosmic radiation on them. However, the test subjects were not analogous to humans, because the choice of life forms were all extremophiles with a substantially higher radioresistance. The Russian Academy of Sciences stated that a mannequin equipped with radiation sensors occupied the pilot's seat. On retrieval, scientists found the tortoises had lost 10 per cent of their body weight and their glycogen and iron levels were raised, but showed no ill effects or loss of appetite. The tortoises underwent biological changes during the flight, but it was concluded that the changes were primarily due to starvation and that they were little affected by space travel. Russia (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya, pronounced [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, covering over 17,125,191 square kilometres (6,612,073 sq mi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones, and has the most borders of any country in the world, with sixteen sovereign nations. It has a population of 146.2 million; and is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Moscow, the capital, is the largest city entirely within Europe; while Saint Petersburg is the country's second-largest city and cultural centre. #russia #PopularRussia What's popular on YouTube - Russia? Check out the latest music videos, Russian movies trailers, comedy clips, and everything else that people are watching right now. FOR FUN. RUSSIA - https://clck.ru/UB9vt FACTS ABOUT RUSSIA - https://clck.ru/UB9wo RUSSIAN CULTURE AND ART - https://clck.ru/UB9yT RUSSIAN ARMY - https://clck.ru/UBA2D RUSSIAN MOVIES - https://clck.ru/UBA4H RUSSIAN CUISINE - https://clck.ru/UBA5N NATURE OF RUSSIA - https://clck.ru/UBA6P Russia is a mysterious country. It can be very cold and very hot. But there are good people everywhere. My friend subscribe to the channel and you will know a little more about this country. I live in Russia and I want to show Wat what is not talked about on TV. Each like or dislike is an assessment of my work .. Thank you in advance.