Benjamin Maughan, MD, PharmD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, discusses the ongoing debate surrounding the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). While some histologies, such as papillary and unclassified RCC show immune responses when treated with pembrolizumab, others like chromophobe do not. The lack of prospective data and the modest benefit seen in clear cell RCC make treatment decisions challenging. This interview took place at the ASCO GU Cancers Symposium 2025 in San Francisco, CA. These works are owned by Magdalen Medical Publishing (MMP) and are protected by copyright laws and treaties around the world. All rights are reserved.