Three scientists jointly won Nobel Prize in Physics for establishing quantum information science

Three scientists Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger jointly won this year's Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday for their work on quantum information science that has significant applications in computing and cryptography.   "This prize is recognizing groundbreaking work on something we call quantum information.” David Haviland, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, said at the news conference, “They received the prize for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.”   That’s a feature of the universe that even Albert Einstein found puzzling and connects matter and light in a convoluted, chaotic manner. Clauser, 79, received his honor for an experiment in 1972 that assisted in resolving a famous quantum mechanics argument between Albert Einstein and eminent physicist Niels Bohr. In his description of " a spooky action at a distance," Einstein anticipated in the future this will be falsified, but right now Clauser’s work successfully disproved Einstein’s opinion.   " When I originally proposed doing the experiment and I actually was doing it, everybody told me I was nuts, that I would ruin my career. Everybody knew what the result would be, wasting time and money and wasting my career. But I was having fun doing some really challenging." Clauser said, “The way I would describe it is and I think on Star Trek, they worried about this okay? You have a box. When you step into this box, every atom of your body will be destroyed and a replica of you will appear elsewhere. Would you step into that box?”   The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences recognized them for their work in figuring out how invisible two particles like photons or minute pieces of matter can behave like one and be connected to one another despite being separated by great distances. The committee said Clauser developed quantum theories first put forward in the 1960s into a practical experiment. Aspect, 75, was able to close a loophole in those theories, while Zeilinger demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation that effectively allows information to be transmitted over distances.   Since then, the laureates' work has been used to develop the fields of quantum computers, quantum networks and secure quantum encrypted communication. Quantum computer, which theoretically is able to do bigger calculations more rapidly, is an active research field in recent years. The quantum computer relies on this property of entanglement. Quantum cryptography is the process of encrypting data by using the principles of quantum mechanics and transmit the message in a way that cannot be hacked. ETB NEWS: Ziwen Lyu, Meixing Ren Contributed this article.