Evolution, History and Definition of international law. Lecture 1.

International law is a system of rules that governs relations between countries and international organizations, aiming to maintain peace, justice, and cooperation in the global community. Its history dates back to ancient civilizations where treaties and customs regulated relations between states, but modern international law began to develop after the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which recognized the concept of state sovereignty. Over time, international law evolved through agreements, customs, and court decisions, especially after the two World Wars, leading to the creation of institutions like the United Nations. Today, international law plays a crucial role in addressing global issues such as war and peace, human rights, international trade, environmental protection, and emerging challenges like cyber security and climate change.