Extracellular bacteria that infect the lung

This is a short video on four extracellular bacteria that infect the lungs. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Species Replication Location Membrane/Wall Stain Epidemiology Transmission Pathogenesis/Immune Response/Pathology Treatment/Vaccine Haemophilus influenzae Extracellular, obligate human pathogen (no environmental/animal reservoir) Gram negative; polysaccharide capsule (typed A-F), coccobacillus Only found in resp tract; sometimes commensal Respiratory droplets (requires droplet precautions) Causes pneumonia, meningitis (type B), epiglottitis (usually B), otitis media (common, nontypable) Virulence factors include pili (attachment), lipooligosaccharide (like LPS), and polyribosyl phosphate (PRP, capsule material) Conjugate vaccine - capsule polysach attached to tetanus protein toxoid, mostly for kids who can't respond to sugar Ag well Bordetella pertussis Extracellular, obligate human pathogen, obligate aerobe Gram negative; coccobacillus only found in resp tract Highly communicable, respiratory droplets Whooping cough Week 1-2 - Incubation Day 1-7 catarrhal phase with cold symptoms, easily isolated bug Week 1-4 paroxysmal phase with whoop, worse cough, leukocytosis, harder bug detection Convalescent recovery phase Conjugate vaccine; used to be cellular (in DTP), now is acellular (DTaP) and less effective; virulence factors in acellular vaccine include pili, pertussis toxin (TCT), pertactin; vaccine prevents symptoms (due to host response), not colonization Streptococcus pneumoniae Extracellular, obligate human pathogen Gram positive Leading cause of community acquired pneumonia Acute pneumonia; typical, lobar pneumonia, rusty (blood tinged) sputum Biggest virulence factor is polysach capsule Can also cause otitis media, sinus bronchitis, pericarditis, sepsis, Used to treat with PCN, now requires broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and often vancomycin Pneumovax 23 polyvalent capsular vaccine for adults Prevnar 13 polyvalent capsular CONJUGATED vaccine for children Mycoplasma pneumoniae Extracellular No gram stain, no acid fast stain Appears in outbreaks bc long incubation, low transmissibility Respiratory droplets Chronic pneumonia, long incubation, can persist as walking pneumonia for weeks Attachment organelle varies antigenically, no known characteristic cytotoxins, secrete H2O2 Variety of antibiotics