Discuss Chronic kidney disease Staging; staged into five levels Stage 1–5

🧪 Definition CKD is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for greater than 3 months, with implications for health. Staging is based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. 📊 CKD Stages by GFR Stage GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) Description G1 ≥90 Normal or high GFR, but with evidence of kidney damage (proteinuria, hematuria, imaging abnormalities) G2 60–89 Mildly decreased GFR, with evidence of kidney damage G3a 45–59 Mild to moderate decrease G3b 30–44 Moderate to severe decrease G4 15–29 Severe decrease G5 Kidney failure (End-stage renal disease) 💧 Albuminuria Categories (A1–A3) Category Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Description A1 Normal to mildly increased A2 30–300 mg/g Moderately increased (microalbuminuria) A3 greater Than 300 mg/g Severely increased (macroalbuminuria) 🧠 Key Points CKD staging uses both GFR and albuminuria to assess severity and prognosis. Higher stage = greater risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular complications. Management includes: Blood pressure control (ACE inhibitors/ARBs for proteinuria). Glycemic control in diabetics. Avoid nephrotoxic drugs. Dietary modifications (low salt, protein restriction in advanced stages). Preparation for dialysis/transplant in stage 5. 📋 Summary Stages G1–G2: Normal/mild GFR but with evidence of kidney damage. Stages G3a–G3b: Moderate decline in GFR. Stage G4: Severe decline. Stage G5: Kidney failure (less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²). #Kidney