samakalan class 12th maths | ex 7(C)| integration by substitution | vidya prakashan by Sushil sir samakalan class 12 in hindi 7.3 | integration by substitution | chitra prakashan | maths by Sushil sir samakalan class 12 in hindi 7.3 | integration | chitra prakashan | maths by Sushil sir samakalan class 12 in hindi 7.2 | integration | chitra prakashan | maths by Sushil sir samakalan class 12 in hindi 7.1 | integration | chitra prakashan | maths by Sushil sir Integration, the process of calculating an integral, is one of the two fundamental processes of calculus, the other being differentiation. Integration began as a method for solving problems in mathematics and physics, such as finding the area under a curve, or determining displacement from velocity. Here you will also see that the three types of field integrals, namely line integral, surface integral, and volume integral, are extensions of ordinary integral, double integral, and triple integral respectively. This symbol [f(x) dx] is read as indefinite integral of f with respect to x. Symbolically we write ∫∫ (x) dx = F(x) + C. Finding an integral A function F for which F'(x) = f (x) The process of finding an integral is any real number which is called a constant function. samakalan class 12th ex 7(A) vidya prakashan • vidya prakashan math solution class 12 | s... samakalan class 12th ex 7(B) vidya prakashan • vidya prakashan math solution class 12 | s...