Liberty- Important facts/NTA/UGC-NET/JRF/UPSC/HTET/CUET/Political Theory/Political Science
LIBERTY Dr. Vikas Khokhar Some Important books Morality of Freedom – Joseph Raz – 1986. Freedom from Fear – Aung sang Su Ki – 1990. Long Walk to Freedom – Nelson Mandela – 1995. 'Escape from freedom' - Eric Fromm-1941. Law, Legislation and Liberty – Hayek- 1973. C. B. Macpherson – ‘Democratic Theory: Essay on Retrieval’. Constitution of Liberty’ 1960 F. A. Hayek. ‘Economic and Philosophical manuscripts’ – 1844- Karl Marx Isaiah Berlin- “Two concepts of Liberty”-1958, ‘Four essays on liberty’- 1969. One dimensional man – Herbert Marcuse ‘Multiculturalism and the politics of recognition’-Charles Taylor- 1992 Eros and Civilization- 1966 - Herbert Marcuse Development as Freedom -Amartya Sen -2000 Important facts 1. Immanuel Kant: "The freedom of one person can never be a mere means to the satisfaction of the arbitrary will of another.“ 2. Quentin Skinner argued for freedom as non-dominance in his essay- ‘ A third concept of liberty’- 2001. 3. Republican concept of liberty- freedom as non-dominance, freedom from subjugation. 4. 'Negative and positive freedom: Freedom as triadic relation’ – Essay by Gerald MacCallum. 5. Immanuel Kant- Freedom is acting autonomously by following the universal moral laws. 6. Harold J. Laski- Individual Liberty, Political liberty ,Economic Liberty . 7. Isaiah Berlin:- Negative Liberty, Positive Liberty. 8. Charles Taylor-Opportunity concept, Exercise concept of Liberty 9. Benjamin Constant- Ancient Liberty – Political Liberty, Modern Liberty-Individual liberty. 10. A man is free in all Spheres, where law is silent- Hobbes. 11. Liberty is not License- Locke. 12. To obey the order of ‘general will’ is liberty.- Rousseau. 13. “A man can be forced to be free.”- Rousseau. 14. “A man is born free but he fiends himself every where in chains.”- Rousseau. 15. J. S. Mill- Self-regarding Actions, Other-regarding Actions. 16. “ Mill was the prophet of empty liberty and abstract individualism.” – Ernest Barker. 17. Over himself, over his own body and mind , the individual is sovereign – J. S. Mill. 18. Prof. Wayper – “ No finer defense of liberty of thought and discussion has even been written” 19. Harold Laski- Three levels of Liberty:-Nature of Liberty, Safeguards of liberty, Forms of Liberty 20. Safeguards of liberty - End of privileges, Presence of Rights, Responsible Govt. 21. To maximize freedom, government should handle only those matters, which cannot be handled by market - Milton Friedman. 22. Acquisition of property without force or fraud is just which should not be re-distributed to remove inequalities - Robert Nozick. 23. It is better that many should have full freedom than that all should have a limited freedom – Hayek. 24. C.B. Macpherson – Developmental power, Extractive power. 25. Possessive Individualism - C.B. Macpherson 26. Freedom is a ‘Triadic relationship’- Gerald MacCallum 27. Charles Taylor- Opportunity concept of freedom, Exercise concept of freedom. Kushal Classes Political Theory
