Lung Volumes and PFTs

0:00:00 - Intro: The "Survival" Station (Baseline Mechanics) 0:04:20 - Tidal Volume: Why "Ideal Body Weight" (6-8ml/kg) Matters 0:06:04 - Residual Volume: The Volume You Can't Exhale (Continuous Gas Exchange) 0:08:26 - Vital Capacity: The "Weaning" Metric (10-15ml/kg for Extubation) 0:09:55 - Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): The "Oxygen Tank" & Equilibrium Point 0:12:07 - Factors Affecting FRC: Height, PEEP, & The "Age Trap" (Elastic Recoil) 0:13:05 - Decreasing FRC: Supine Position (-1L) & Anesthesia Induction (-1.5L Total) 0:15:02 - Spirometry Basics: FVC, FEV1, & The Ratio (0.7) 0:16:16 - Flow-Volume Loops: The Normal "Inverted Kite" Shape 0:17:08 - Obstructive Loop: The "Scooped Out" Descending Limb 0:17:34 - Restrictive Loop: The "Witch's Hat" (Tall & Narrow) 0:18:07 - Upper Airway Obstruction: Fixed (Box) vs. Variable (Extra/Intra) Loops 0:19:47 - Measuring RV: Helium Dilution vs. Body Plethysmography (The Body Box) 0:21:39 - DLCO: The Independent Predictor of Post-Op Mortality (40%) 0:25:21 - Pre-Op Stratification: The 2L Rule for Pneumonectomy 0:27:36 - Closing Capacity: When FRC Falls Below CC (The V/Q Mismatch Trap) 0:30:50 - Rapid Review: The 6 High-Yield Exam Takeaways