Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_E... 00:06:10 1 Company name, logo, and flag 00:08:16 2 History 00:08:25 2.1 Origins 00:11:58 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall 00:12:08 2.2.1 Formative years 00:16:48 2.2.2 Growth 00:22:47 2.2.3 Reorientation 00:32:14 2.2.4 Decline and fall 00:38:43 3 Organizational structure 00:45:02 3.1 VOC outposts 00:45:44 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia 00:46:04 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems 00:48:41 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies 00:48:53 5.1 Europe 00:49:01 5.1.1 Netherlands 00:49:21 5.2 Africa 00:49:30 5.2.1 Mauritius 00:49:45 5.2.2 South Africa 00:49:58 5.3 Asia 00:50:06 5.3.1 Indonesia 00:50:18 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent 00:50:50 5.3.3 Japan 00:51:08 5.3.4 Taiwan 00:51:35 5.3.5 Malaysia 00:51:51 5.3.6 Thailand 00:52:03 5.3.7 Vietnam 00:52:21 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC 00:56:10 7 Historical roles and legacy 00:59:53 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system 01:06:23 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands 01:11:11 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations 01:15:59 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World 01:16:14 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system 01:19:06 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art 01:20:23 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World 01:20:37 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration 01:21:29 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland 01:24:25 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands 01:29:24 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa 01:29:37 8 Criticism 01:30:09 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence 01:30:22 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule 01:35:25 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC 01:39:36 10 VOC world etymologies 01:39:47 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people 01:42:45 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people 01:43:58 11 Populated places established by VOC people 01:45:34 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World 01:46:22 13 VOC buildings and structures 01:47:02 14 VOC archives and records 01:47:53 15 VOC coinage 01:48:03 16 VOC ships 01:48:18 17 Field of VOC World studies 01:51:21 17.1 VOC World archaeology 01:51:31 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts 01:52:23 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i) 01:55:14 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i) 02:08:20 19 Gallery 02:08:40 20 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: increases imagination and understanding improves your listening skills improves your own spoken accent learn while on the move reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9307992778992489 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...