Narration Part 2| Direct Indirect Speech | Change of Voice | Tenses | Functional Type of Sentences |

Narration Part 1| Direct Indirect Speech | Change of Voice | Tenses | Functional Type of Sentences | Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) English language has two ways of conveying the spoken words of one person to another person. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech : Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech. This portion is consisted of two parts, Reported speech (Inside part of the commas) and Reporting speech (Outsideside part of the commas). inDirect Speech : The actual words spoken by a person are slightly changed while conveying them to another person. For this change, we need to know certain rules. Let’s know the rules first. Rules for Narration: 1. Change the form of verb of Reporting Speech (Outside of commas) according to the type sentence of reported speech. 2. Omit Commas and replace them with “Conjunction” (Conjunction is uded to join two clauses i.e that, whether or if) 3. Change of pronouns according to “SON”. Here “S” stands for subject, “O” stands for object and “N” stands for ‘no change’. If the subject of the reported speech is first person pronoun (I,We), it will be changed according to the subject of reported speech. If the subject of the reported speech is Second person pronoun (You), it will be changed according to the object of reported speech. And if the subject of the reported speech is third person, there will be no change in pronouns. 4. Chnage the tense of reporting speech if the reporting verb (outside of commas) is in past, and if there is present or future tense in reporting speech, then the tense will remain same. 5. Replace the adverbs of place and time with the opposing words. 6. Replace will/shall with would/should respectively. Types of Sentences (Function) 1. Declarative/Assertive sentences 2. Interrogative sentences 3. Imperative sentences 4. Exclamatory sentences 5. Optative Sentences 1. Declarative/Assertive sentences A declarative sentence is a simple statement used to communicate a fact, an opinion, an observation, or an explanation. Declarative sentences always end in a period. Ex. He didn’t like the movie as much as his partner did. I like fantasy novels. 2. Interrogative sentences These sentences seek to gather information, clarify a point, or start a conversation. They often start with a question word like who, what, where, when, why, or how. Alternatively, they can begin with a helping verb for yes/no questions. Regardless of their form, all interrogative sentences share a common trait: They end with a question mark. Ex. Where is your next class? Did you see the fireworks last night? Are going in the right direction? 3. Imperative sentences Imperative sentences are commands, instructions, or advice you give to others to tell them what to do. Imperative sentences usually end in a period, but they can also use an exclamation point if they’re emphatic. Ex. Sweep the floor before you mop it. Please type these notes and then email me a copy. 4. Exclamatory sentences An exclamatory sentence is one which is used to express sudden and strong emotions, and it ends with an exclamation mark. You can also use interjections to form exclamatory sentences. Ex. That was a great match! Wow, how good this is! Thanks! You saved our wedding! 5. Optative Sentences An optative sentence generally expresses a wish or prayer for someone known or unknown and also to wish them luck. Optative sentences are normally seen to start with verbs such as ‘may’, ‘wish’, ‘let’ or ‘have’. They can also be sentences wishing someone on a special occasion such as ‘Happy birthday’. Ex. May God bless her with a child. (Prayer) I Wish I were an astronaut! (Wish) May he lead a joyous life! (Blessing) #presentalightmotion #perfect tense, #english #prensentperfecttense #past #english #englishgrammar #simple #verbtense #pakistan #education #pastindefinitetense #grammar #india #foryou #fortnite #tiktok #english #css #pms #ppsc #fbreels #reels #foryoupage #speaking #uk #canada #dearsir #learnwithme #englishgrammar #english #online #ukraine #america #imrankhan #babarazam #ronaldo #messi #islam #islamic #speakingenglish #cartoon #oxford #amazing #animation #elonmusk #facebook #youtubeshorts #youtube #youtuber #youtubeshort #youtubevideo #youtubechannel #youtubevideos #youtubers #youtubeindia #youtubegaming #pubg