Section 31 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 provides that: “No communication made in good faith is an offence by reason of any harm to the person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefit of that person.” This means that when a person communicates honestly, sincerely and with an intention to benefit the recipient, even if that communication unintentionally causes harm (for example emotional shock or loss), it does not amount to a criminal offence under this section. The key elements are: communication made in good faith (i.e., honest belief, no malice) the communication is for the benefit of the person to whom it is made any resulting harm does not convert the communication into an offence. This section is situated in Chapter III (General Exceptions) of the BNS. Thank you 😊