Solutions | कक्षा 12 रसायन विज्ञान | RBSE Chapter 1 |

विलयन (Solutions) की संपूर्ण जानकारी। यह video Class 12 Chemistry के Chapter 2 का complete explanation है। Join Our Community: Telegram: https://t.me/science2point0 📚 Topics Covered: ✓ Types of Solutions और Concentration Terms ✓ Solubility और Henry's Law ✓ Raoult's Law और Ideal Solutions ✓ Colligative Properties (वैधुत गुण) ✓ Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure ✓ Elevation in Boiling Point ✓ Depression in Freezing Point ✓ Osmotic Pressure ✓ Van't Hoff Factor (i) ✓ Abnormal Molar Mass ✓ सभी important formulas और derivations ✓ Numerical problems solving tricks 🎯 Perfect For: RBSE Board Class 12 Students CBSE Board Exam Preparation JEE Main Chemistry NEET Chemistry Board Exams 2025-26 📖 Chapter Content: इस chapter में हम सीखेंगे कि solutions कितने types के होते हैं, colligative properties क्या हैं और molecular mass कैसे calculate करते हैं। सभी concepts को simple Hindi और English में समझाया गया है। ⚡ Key Formulas: Molarity (M) = moles/volume(L) Molality (m) = moles/mass of solvent(kg) Mole fraction: X = n/(n₁ + n₂) Henry's Law: P = KH × X Raoult's Law: P = P° × X ΔTb = Kb × m ΔTf = Kf × m π = CRT (Osmotic Pressure) Van't Hoff: i = (observed property)/(calculated property) 🔥 Why This Video: Clear explanations in Hindi-English mix Board exam focused content All formulas properly explained Previous year questions discussion Quick revision notes Numerical solving techniques Difficult concepts simplified 📝 Important Topics: Solution components (solute और solvent) Types: solid in liquid, liquid in liquid, gas in liquid Concentration terms comparison Molarity, molality, normality, mole fraction Mass percentage, volume percentage, ppm Henry's law applications Ideal और non-ideal solutions Positive और negative deviation Azeotropes 💡 Special Focus: Colligative properties की definition Why called colligative (number of particles पर depend) Relative lowering of vapour pressure Boiling point elevation constant (Kb) Freezing point depression constant (Kf) Osmosis और osmotic pressure Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions Reverse osmosis Van't Hoff factor की calculation Association और dissociation 🧪 Colligative Properties Detail: 1. Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure: Formula: (P° - P)/P° = X₂ = n₂/(n₁ + n₂) For dilute solutions approximately equal to n₂/n₁ 2. Elevation in Boiling Point: ΔTb = Kb × m Kb = molal elevation constant M = (Kb × w₂ × 1000)/(ΔTb × w₁) 3. Depression in Freezing Point: ΔTf = Kf × m Kf = molal depression constant M = (Kf × w₂ × 1000)/(ΔTf × w₁) 4. Osmotic Pressure: π = CRT = (n/V)RT M = (w₂RT)/(πV) Most accurate method 📐 Calculations Covered: Molarity to molality conversion Mole fraction calculation Molecular mass from colligative properties Van't Hoff factor determination Degree of dissociation/association Osmotic pressure problems Boiling point and freezing point calculations 🔬 Van't Hoff Factor: For non-electrolytes: i = 1 For dissociation: i greater than 1 (NaCl: i = 2, CaCl₂: i = 3) For association: i less than 1 (benzoic acid in benzene) Modified formulas: ΔTb = i × Kb × m π = i × CRT 💧 Important Concepts: Ideal solution (ΔHmix = 0, ΔVmix = 0) Non-ideal solution deviations Azeotropes (minimum और maximum boiling) Hypertonic solution (higher concentration) Hypotonic solution (lower concentration) Isotonic solution (equal concentration) Plasmolysis और hemolysis 📊 Concentration Terms Comparison: Molarity: Temperature dependent Molality: Temperature independent Normality: Equivalent concept Mole fraction: Dimensionless ppm: Parts per million (very dilute) 🌡️ Real Life Applications: Antifreeze in radiators Salt on roads in winter Preservation of food Reverse osmosis (water purification) IV drips (isotonic solutions) Desalination of sea water 👨‍🏫 By: Science 2.0 Subscribe करें for more Biology, Physics, Chemistry और other science content! 📲 Download study materials और notes from our community #Class12Chemistry #Solutions #RBSEBoard #ChemistryInHindi #BoardExam2026 #ColligativeProperties #RaoultLaw #Science20