Johann Sebastian Bach's Prelude and Fugue No. 4 in C-sharp minor can refer to two different compositions from his Well-Tempered Clavier collection. The first is from Book I, BWV 849, and the second is from Book II, BWV 873. Both compositions showcase Bach's genius in contrapuntal writing and his mastery of keyboard techniques. Book I: Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 849 This piece is the fourth prelude and fugue in the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by Bach. The Prelude in C-sharp minor is a beautiful and intricate composition, displaying Bach's skill in weaving complex melodic lines. The Fugue that follows is equally impressive, showcasing the composer's mastery of counterpoint and thematic development. Book II: Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 873 The Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 873, is the fourth composition in Book II of The Well-Tempered Clavier, written by Bach in 1738. The Prelude is heavily ornamented with mordents and appoggiaturas and is written in the unusual time signature of 9/8. This gives the piece a distinctive rhythmic character that is both intriguing and captivating. The Fugue that follows further highlights Bach's expertise in contrapuntal writing, with a complex and engaging texture that leaves a lasting impression on listeners. Both Prelude and Fugue No. 4 in C-sharp minor from Book I (BWV 849) and Book II (BWV 873) of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier are exemplary compositions that demonstrate the composer's incredible skill in keyboard writing and contrapuntal technique. Each piece offers a unique listening experience, showcasing Bach's ability to explore a wide range of musical ideas and emotions within the same key.