DNA REPAIR || NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION, MISMATCH AND SINGLE STRAND BREAK||

DNA REPAIR || NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION, MISMATCH AND SINGLE STRAND BREAK|| DNA repair mechanisms protect the genome from mutations and maintain cellular health by fixing different types of DNA damage. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) removes bulky, helix-distorting lesions such as thymine dimers or chemical adducts by excising a short stretch of damaged DNA and filling it with newly synthesized nucleotides using DNA polymerase and ligase. Mismatch Repair (MMR) corrects errors that escape proofreading during DNA replication, such as mispaired bases or small insertion–deletion loops; this system recognizes the mismatch, removes the faulty segment, and resynthesizes the correct sequence. Single-Strand Break Repair (SSBR) repairs breaks in one strand of the DNA backbone caused by oxidative stress or radiation; enzymes detect the break, process damaged ends, fill missing nucleotides, and seal the strand with DNA ligase. Together, these repair systems ensure genomic stability and prevent diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration. biology,biotechnology,biotechnology principles and processes,biotechnology principles and processes class 12,cell biology and biotechnology class 10,cell biology and biotechnology ssc board,cell biology and biotechnology class 10 ssc,cell biology and biotechnology class 10 parth momaya,cell biology and biotechnology class 10 maharashtra board,biotechnology and its application,biotechnology and its applications,learn biology,biotechnology principle and processes,Job-training