The rise of nationalism in Europe Class - 10th Chapter -1 #cbsc #upboard #ytshorts #shorts

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe – Summary Notes 1. Introduction: Nationalism: Feeling of shared identity among people. Sparked by: French Revolution (1789). 2. French Revolution (1789): Abolished monarchy; established a republic. Introduced: ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity. Napoleon spread these ideas but also imposed authoritarian rule. 3. Congress of Vienna (1815): Led by Metternich (Austria). Aimed to restore monarchies and redraw Europe's map. Led to suppression of nationalist movements. 4. The Age of Revolutions (1830–1848): 1830: Uprisings in France, Belgium, Greece. 1848: Revolutions across Europe, rise of liberalism and nationalism. 5. Unification of Nations: Italy (1861): Led by Cavour (Piedmont), supported by Garibaldi. Germany (1871): Led by Bismarck (Prussia) – war diplomacy & unification. Britain: Gradual unification through parliamentary acts. 6. Role of Culture & Symbols: Romanticism, folk songs, art promoted unity. Common language and history helped forge national identities. 7. Balkan Nationalism: Ethnic tensions in the Balkans. Decline of Ottoman Empire + rise of national aspirations = unrest.