Basic concepts of Programming languages, Programming Domains, Language Evaluation criteria, language categories, Evolution of major programming languages., Describing syntax and semantics, formal methods of describing s syntax, Pseudo code, Design of Algorithm & Flowchart Fundamentals of C, History and importance of C, basic structure and execution of C programs, constants, variables, data types, Various type of declarations, operators types and expressions, evaluation of expressions, operator precedence and associability., Managing input and output operations, decision making and branching, Iteration: while, do... while, for loop, nested loops, break & continue, go to statements, Array and String, One-dimensional array , their declaration and initialization, two- dimensional arrays and their initializations, character arrays , (One and Two dimensional)., reading and writing strings, string handling functions Functions: Need and elements for user -defined functions, definition of functions, return values and their types, function calls and declaration, recursion, parameter passing, passing arrays and strings to functions, the scope, visibility and life time of variables, Understanding Pointers, Accessing the address of a variable, declaration and initialization of pointer variables, accessing a variable through its pointer, pointers and arrays, pointers and function arguments, functions returning pointers Structures and Unions, Defining structure, declaring structure variable and accessing structure members, initialization of structure, operation on individual members, array of structures, union, size of structure,